Controversy reigns over the effects of genetically modified crops or animal food whose progress up through the food chain culminates on our dinner table. Also of major concern is the effect of genetic contamination via pollen. A farmer is legally liable if he sells genetically modified produce even if he is unaware of the modification. Genes from genetically modified corn have been found in wild strains in rural Mexico. There are few results available from publicly funded research to provide in-depth evaluation of the consequences.

Consumer concern has led to the leading American pro-GM retailers banning the use of genetically modified food in their own brand products in European markets. Unfortunately, current labelling regulations do not cover enzyme technology in the processing stages which is where use of GM is most widespread.